Psycholinguistic Models of Speech Development and Their Application to Clinical Practice

Since Ingram’s (1976) seminal work entitled Phonological Disability
in Children, speech-language pathologists have increasingly
applied linguistic-based approaches to their clinical practice. Such
approaches have not only provided greater insight into children’s phonological
systems; they have also provided new approaches to intervention,
based on attempts to change children’s phonological rule systems
rather than to correct faulty motor behaviors (e.g., Bernhardt &
Stemberger, 2000; Grunwell, 1987; Hodson & Paden, 1991; Stoel-
Gammon & Dunn, 1985).
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As new theories have emerged in the area of speech development
and impairment, clinical researchers have endeavored to bring them to
the attention of practicing clinicians in order to keep clinicians abreast
of theoretical developments in the field and to inform clinical practice.
Bernhardt and Stoel-Gammon’s (1994) tutorial on the clinical application
of nonlinear phonology, for example, provides a particularly wellexecuted
instance of the ongoing uses of linguistic theories to aid our
understanding of children’s phonological development and impairment.
As Stackhouse and Wells (1997) point out, however, linguistic approaches
offer only one perspective for studying children’s speech difficulties.
Although such approaches allow highly detailed descriptions of
children’s phonological systems, they do not provide explanations for.....
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